This article explains each consistency factor in depth – what can go wrong and how smart design and BMS techniques keep batteries balanced and reliable. All cells in a series pack should charge and discharge together. . Ensuring the optimum performance of a battery management system (BMS) requires measuring the performance of cell, module, and pack voltage, current, and temperature, plus verification of the operational performance of the battery and the cell supervisory circuits (CSCs), which includes static and. . As a supplier of BMS testing equipment, I've witnessed firsthand the critical role that consistency plays in the performance and reliability of battery packs. We also highlight NASO's role in manufacturing BMS units. . Battery packs in EVs, storage systems and consumer devices rely on well-matched cells. Without proper testing, a faulty BMS can lead to safety risks, reduced performance, or even battery failure. Think of it as the "brain" and "guardian" of a lithium-ion battery pack.